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Quicquid Plantatur Solo, Solo Cedit

Latin: whatever is planted in the ground, belongs to the ground.

This Latin maxim has evolved considerably since its inception in Roman law, where it's application was mostly to determine that trees and crops were sold with, and formed part of the land.

It now translates to "whatever is affixed to the ground, belongs to the ground" and is the basic law of fixtures.

Thus, following quicquid plantatur solo, solo cedit, loose bricks are chattels; moveables or personal property and do not form part of the land, no mattter how high a pile of them. However, once cemented together and used to erect a house, the bricks become part of the land and thus converts from chattel to real property.

quicquid plantaturIn residential tenancy law, the maxim is of great import as any improvement made by a tenant which attaches and converts, by srtict operation of quicquid plantatur solo, solo cedit, to real property, becomes part of the landlord's property and cannot be severed or reclaimed by the tenant at the end of the lease.

To distinguish the strict operation of the quicquid plantatur solo, solo cedit rule in certain cases, such as in mortgages (between mortgagees and mortgagors), and tenants and landlords, the law has developed a companion doctrine of fixtures. Chattels which convert to real property by operation of quicquid plantatur solo, solo cedit are called fixtures.


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Unless otherwise noted, this article was written by Lloyd Duhaime, Barrister, Solicitor, Attorney and Lawyer (and Notary Public!). It is not intended to be legal advice and you would be foolhardy to rely on it in respect to any specific situation you or an acquaintance may be facing. In addition, the law changes rapidly and sometimes with little notice so from time to time, an article may not be up to date. Therefore, this is merely legal information designed to educate the reader. If you have a real situation, this information will serve as a good springboard to get legal advice from a lawyer.

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